Engineering & Materials Science
Thin films
100%
Solar cells
81%
Buffer layers
63%
Cadmium telluride
63%
Thin film solar cells
58%
Conduction bands
32%
Magnetron sputtering
29%
Stoichiometry
25%
Molybdenum
22%
X ray diffraction
22%
Gases
21%
Chemical analysis
21%
Film thickness
20%
Electrodeposition
20%
Annealing
19%
Sputtering
18%
Substrates
16%
Phase structure
16%
Tuning
14%
Heating rate
14%
Adhesion
13%
Residual stresses
12%
Crystals
11%
Surface morphology
10%
Raman scattering
9%
Sulfur
9%
Diffraction patterns
9%
Nitrogen
8%
Raman spectroscopy
8%
Opacity
8%
Physical vapor deposition
7%
Scanning electron microscopy
7%
Energy gap
7%
Thermionic emission
6%
Conversion efficiency
6%
Controllability
6%
Energy dispersive spectroscopy
6%
Costs
6%
Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy
6%
Energy barriers
5%
Crystallinity
5%
X rays
5%
Wavelength
5%
Compressive stress
5%
Physics & Astronomy
solar cells
71%
thin films
70%
magnetron sputtering
54%
electric potential
34%
annealing
33%
current density
25%
transmittance
25%
cadmium tellurides
24%
quantum efficiency
22%
sublimation
21%
dark current
19%
numerical analysis
17%
conduction bands
16%
air
14%
diodes
14%
electrical properties
14%
baths
13%
ITO (semiconductors)
13%
curves
13%
diffusion length
12%
minority carriers
12%
diffraction
11%
scanning electron microscopy
11%
x rays
11%
shunts
11%
sputtering
11%
open circuit voltage
10%
depletion
10%
saturation
10%
simulation
9%
spectrophotometers
9%
grain size
9%
temperature
9%
profilometers
8%
optical properties
7%
surface roughness
7%
cells
6%
short circuit currents
6%
p-n junctions
6%
heating
6%
diffraction patterns
5%
purity
5%
performance
5%
Chemical Compounds
Solar Cell
49%
Sulfurization
45%
Band Offset
30%
Buffer Solution
29%
Liquid Film
24%
Grain Size
24%
Magnetron Sputtering
22%
Conduction Band
20%
Gas
20%
Pressure
16%
Sputtering
15%
Residual Stress
12%
Simulation
12%
X-Ray Diffraction
9%
Size Distribution
8%
Thermionic Emission
7%
Photovoltaic Effect
7%
Surface Recombination
7%
Purity
7%
Time
6%
Nitrogen
5%
Raman Spectrum
5%
Surface
5%
Flake Like Crystal
5%