A Flight Process Importance Framework for Evaluating Pilot Performance During Airplane Landing

Aviation accidents are frequently related to pilots’ operations, especially during a landing phase. Therefore, accurately evaluating a pilot’s performance during this phase is crucial for minimizing landing risks. Traditional assessment methods, however, primarily focus on discrete monitoring points, failing to capture the continuous and dynamic nature of a pilot’s performance throughout the entire landing phase. To address this issue, we propose a Flight Process Importance (FPI) assessment framework that precisely determines accurate landing timing and captures the diverse operational characteristics of pilots. It consists of two components: Time-varying Importance Coefficient (TIC) and Pilot Characteristics Matrix (PCM). TIC develops a Spatio-Temporally Consistent Attention Network (STCAN) to classify Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data for anomalous event detection. It then determines the importance of different periods during the landing process by analyzing the STCAN model’s response to the data in an interpretable manner. PCM generates a parameter matrix for each flight by deriving the ideal intervals of various parameters through the interquartile range. This matrix is used to identify the duration and intensity of anomalies in operations across different pilots. By integrating TIC and PCM, our framework computes an evaluation matrix for each flight, quantifying the operational risk factors associated with pilots. Experimental results indicate that STCAN significantly surpasses other algorithms on QAR data. FPI provides a more precise and comprehensive assessment of a pilot’s performance. In particular, our findings highlight that the 10 seconds before landing to the touchdown are the most critical period of airplane landing.