A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics

Dongdong Fu; Yun Q. Shi; Wei Su

doi:10.1117/12.704723

A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics

Dongdong Fu, Yun Q. Shi, Wei Su

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

271 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper, a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients is presented. A parametric logarithmic law, i.e., the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics are discussed in this paper, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Q-factor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical model.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Print)	0819466182, 9780819466181
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.704723
State	Published - 2007
Event	Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX - San Jose, CA, United States Duration: Jan 29 2007 → Feb 1 2007

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	6505
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X

Other

Other	Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Jose, CA
Period	1/29/07 → 2/1/07

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Keywords

Benford's law
Block-DCT coefficients
First digit law
JPEG coefficients
Probability distribution

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10.1117/12.704723

Cite this

Fu, D., Shi, Y. Q., & Su, W. (2007). A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics. In Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX Article 65051L (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 6505). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.704723

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title = "A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics",

abstract = "In this paper, a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients is presented. A parametric logarithmic law, i.e., the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics are discussed in this paper, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Q-factor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical model.",

keywords = "Benford's law, Block-DCT coefficients, First digit law, JPEG coefficients, Probability distribution",

author = "Dongdong Fu and Shi, {Yun Q.} and Wei Su",

year = "2007",

doi = "10.1117/12.704723",

language = "English (US)",

isbn = "0819466182",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX",

address = "United States",

}

Fu, D, Shi, YQ & Su, W 2007, A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics. in Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX., 65051L, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 6505, SPIE, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX, San Jose, CA, United States, 1/29/07. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.704723

A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics. / Fu, Dongdong; Shi, Yun Q.; Su, Wei.
Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX. SPIE, 2007. 65051L (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 6505).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics

AU - Fu, Dongdong

AU - Shi, Yun Q.

AU - Su, Wei

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - In this paper, a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients is presented. A parametric logarithmic law, i.e., the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics are discussed in this paper, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Q-factor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical model.

AB - In this paper, a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients is presented. A parametric logarithmic law, i.e., the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics are discussed in this paper, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Q-factor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical model.

KW - Benford's law

KW - Block-DCT coefficients

KW - First digit law

KW - JPEG coefficients

KW - Probability distribution

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DO - 10.1117/12.704723

M3 - Conference contribution

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SN - 9780819466181

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX

PB - SPIE

T2 - Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX

Y2 - 29 January 2007 through 1 February 2007

ER -

A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics

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Keywords

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