@article{61dc7e561e334587b248f364048a1258,
title = "A Non-Column Based, Fully Unstructured Implementation of Kessler's Microphysics With Warm Rain Using Continuous and Discontinuous Spectral Elements",
abstract = "Numerical weather prediction is pushing the envelope of grid resolution at local and global scales alike. Aiming to model topography with higher precision, a handful of articles introduced unstructured vertical grids and tested them for dry atmospheres. The next step toward effective high-resolution unstructured grids for atmospheric modeling requires that also microphysics is independent of any vertical columns, in contrast to what is ubiquitous across operational and research models. In this paper, we present a non-column based continuous and discontinuous spectral element implementation of Kessler's microphysics with warm rain. We test the proposed algorithm against standard three-dimensional benchmarks for precipitating clouds and show that the results are comparable with those presented in the literature across all of the tested effective resolutions. While presented for both continuous and discontinuous spectral elements in this paper, the method that we propose can be adapted to any numerical method used in other codes, as long as the code can already handle vertically unstructured grids.",
keywords = "microphysics, spectral elements, unstructured grids, warm rain",
author = "Yassine Tissaoui and Simone Marras and Annalisa Quaini and {de Brangaca Alves}, {Felipe A.V.} and Giraldo, {Francis X.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Dr. Hilary Weller from the University of Reading, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. The authors are grateful to Dr. James F. Kelly from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, DC) for his feedback on the manuscript. Yassine Tissaoui and Simone Marras acknowledge the partial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant PD-2121367. Annalisa Quaini acknowledges partial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant DMS-1953535 and support from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University where she has been the 2021-2022 William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Fellow. Francis Giraldo gratefully acknowledges the support of ONR under Grant N0001419WX00721. Francis Giraldo and Felipe Alves gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Sciences Office of the Defense Applied Research and Projects Agency (DARPA DSO) through the Space Environment Exploitation (SEE) program. This work was performed when Felipe Alves held a National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council (NRC) Fellowship at the Naval Postgraduate School. Yassine Tissaoui and Simone Marras acknowledge the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for providing core hours on Bridges-2 at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center with allocation TG-EES210027. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Dr. Hilary Weller from the University of Reading, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. The authors are grateful to Dr. James F. Kelly from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, DC) for his feedback on the manuscript. Yassine Tissaoui and Simone Marras acknowledge the partial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant PD‐2121367. Annalisa Quaini acknowledges partial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant DMS‐1953535 and support from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University where she has been the 2021‐2022 William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Fellow. Francis Giraldo gratefully acknowledges the support of ONR under Grant N0001419WX00721. Francis Giraldo and Felipe Alves gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Sciences Office of the Defense Applied Research and Projects Agency (DARPA DSO) through the Space Environment Exploitation (SEE) program. This work was performed when Felipe Alves held a National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council (NRC) Fellowship at the Naval Postgraduate School. Yassine Tissaoui and Simone Marras acknowledge the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for providing core hours on Bridges‐2 at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center with allocation TG‐EES210027. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1029/2022MS003283",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "15",
journal = "Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems",
issn = "1942-2466",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "3",
}