Alcohol induces programmed death receptor-1 and programmed death-ligand-1 differentially in neuroimmune cells

Neuroscience

• Macrophage 100%
• Programmed Death 1 Ligand 1 100%
• Programmed Death 1 Receptor 100%
• Microglia 66%
• Astrocyte 66%
• Nervous System Disorder 33%
• Alcohol Abuse 33%
• Neurodegeneration 33%
• Primary Culture 33%

Keyphrases

• Alcohol 100%
• Neuroimmune Cells 100%
• Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) 100%
• Ethanol 19%
• Human Macrophages 14%
• Brain Endothelial Cells 9%
• Ethanol Exposure 9%
• Neurological Diseases 4%
• Chronic Alcohol Consumption 4%
• Signaling Pathway 4%
• Endothelial Cell Culture 4%
• Immune Cells 4%
• Exposure Time 4%
• Microglia 4%
• Physiological Condition 4%
• Neurodegeneration 4%
• Neuroinflammation 4%
• Primary Culture 4%
• Astrocytes 4%
• Neuronal Culture 4%
• Innate Immune Response 4%
• Astrocyte Culture 4%
• Human Microglia 4%
• Time-delay Process 4%
• PD-L2 4%
• Toxic Concentration 4%
• Endogenous Levels 4%
• Co-inhibitory Signals 4%
• PD-L1 Expression 4%