Anomalous Conditions Analysis of HVDC and Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems for Wind Farm Integration

This paper studies the behavior of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system that connects offshore wind turbines to the main AC grid. Initially, a two terminal HVDC model is tested to understand how AC and DC faults affect power flow, voltage stability, and system recovery. The results help establish a baseline understanding of fault ride through capability under transient conditions. The models and analyses are carried out using PSCAD simulations to evaluate system dynamics and transient fault responses. Building on these findings, the study explores multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems, which interconnect multiple AC areas and offshore wind farms through a shared DC link. Multi terminal DC topologies are analyzed in terms of dynamic stability, reliability, and fault protection performance. The objective is to determine which configuration provides greater reliability and operational efficiency for integrating large scale renewable energy into the grid while minimizing fault propagation and improving recovery performance. Overall, this research contributes to the growing need for reliable HVDC infrastructure to support future offshore wind expansion and cross border energy exchange.