TY - JOUR
T1 - Biogeochemical Coring and Preservation Method for Unconsolidated Soil Samples
AU - Landis, Richard
AU - Hua, Han
AU - Yin, Xin
AU - Axe, Lisa
AU - Morgan, Scott
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank to Ed Lutz (Chemours—retired), Nancy Grosso (Corteva), and Ed Seger (Chemours—retired) for financial support; Jim Mancini (ManTech Consulting, LLC) and Glenn Frenck (DuPont) for their design and three‐dimensional printing support; Donna Fennel (Rutgers University) for her input on the impact of thermal cycling on the microbial community; and Jim Dyer (Savannah River National Laboratories), Kathy West (AECOM), Don Layman (AECOM), Unitas Todd (AECOM), Katie Lombardo (AECOM), Mike Wilson (Summit Drilling), and Gary Wealthall (Geosyntec Consultants) for their support in the field. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their comments on this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, National Ground Water Association
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - Developing an accurate conceptual site model (CSM) is an important process before a decision can be made regarding effective remedial actions. A critical aspect of an accurate CSM is thoroughly understanding the biogeochemistry occurring at the site in the area of concern. To collect media samples that accurately preserve the in situ biogeochemistry, a new Rotosonic core barrel and core preservation protocol was developed. The new biogeochemical core barrel (BCB) successfully isolated and preserved the in situ biogeochemical conditions of the soil core and minimized the soil core's exposure pathways to air. The BCB's success was achieved by a modified Rotosonic core barrel, a specialized drive shoe, an internal BCB core barrel piston, hydraulic extrusion of the soil core into a stainless core tube with an internal piston, and specialized core tube sealing, handling, and subsampling methods. Detailed subsampling of 65-foot (nominally 20 m) soil core in 2-inch (nominally 51 mm) increments within a specialized anaerobic glovebox confirmed the presence of five biogeochemical redox transition zones within the soil core. The BCB also allowed for split soil core samples for detailed mineralogical and live microbiological studies. Success of the BCB method is further evidenced by the presence of the highly redox-sensitive surface bound iron sulfide mineral mackinawite. The BCB allowed detailed analysis of the soil core including Fe and S concentration gradients, oxidation–reduction potential gradients, volatile organic compound analysis, and live microbiological assessments.
AB - Developing an accurate conceptual site model (CSM) is an important process before a decision can be made regarding effective remedial actions. A critical aspect of an accurate CSM is thoroughly understanding the biogeochemistry occurring at the site in the area of concern. To collect media samples that accurately preserve the in situ biogeochemistry, a new Rotosonic core barrel and core preservation protocol was developed. The new biogeochemical core barrel (BCB) successfully isolated and preserved the in situ biogeochemical conditions of the soil core and minimized the soil core's exposure pathways to air. The BCB's success was achieved by a modified Rotosonic core barrel, a specialized drive shoe, an internal BCB core barrel piston, hydraulic extrusion of the soil core into a stainless core tube with an internal piston, and specialized core tube sealing, handling, and subsampling methods. Detailed subsampling of 65-foot (nominally 20 m) soil core in 2-inch (nominally 51 mm) increments within a specialized anaerobic glovebox confirmed the presence of five biogeochemical redox transition zones within the soil core. The BCB also allowed for split soil core samples for detailed mineralogical and live microbiological studies. Success of the BCB method is further evidenced by the presence of the highly redox-sensitive surface bound iron sulfide mineral mackinawite. The BCB allowed detailed analysis of the soil core including Fe and S concentration gradients, oxidation–reduction potential gradients, volatile organic compound analysis, and live microbiological assessments.
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U2 - 10.1111/gwmr.12467
DO - 10.1111/gwmr.12467
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85107646327
SN - 1069-3629
VL - 41
SP - 72
EP - 81
JO - Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation
JF - Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation
IS - 3
ER -