Chemical Biological Sensors Based on Advances in Conducting Electroactive Polymers

Advances in conducting electroactive polymers (CEPs) have driven the design of novel chemical and biochemical sensors. The redox properties of CEPs have been intensely studied for more than two decades with emphasis on their synthesis and characterization. Little attention has been paid to the importance of mechanism in sensor designs. However, in order to design robust and stable sensors, it is important to understand how the polymer structure, morphology, adhesion properties and microenvironment affect sensor performance. This work describes how chemical and biological sensors have been designed, fabricated, characterized and tested based on the fundamental understanding in CEPs. The use of photopolymerized conducting polymers in sensor designs is described. Four focus areas are presented in which the electronic properties of CEPs have enabled the design of novel sensors for organics, nucleic acids, biological molecules, vapors and metal ions.