TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficiently self-synchronized audio watermarking for assured audio data transmission
AU - Wu, Shaoquan
AU - Huang, Jiwu
AU - Huang, Daren
AU - Shi, Yun Q.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received November 13, 2003. This work was supported by NSF of China (60325208, 60172067, 60133020); NSF of Guangdong (04205407); Foundation of Ministry of Education, China; and New Jersey Commission of Science and Technology via NJWINS.
PY - 2005/3
Y1 - 2005/3
N2 - In this paper, we propose a self-synchronization algorithm for audio watermarking to facilitate assured audio data transmission. The synchronization codes are embedded into audio with the informative data, thus the embedded data have the self-synchronization ability. To achieve robustness, we embed the synchronization codes and the hidden informative data into the low frequency coefficients in DWT (discrete wavelet transform) domain. By exploiting the time-frequency localization characteristics of DWT, the computational load in searching synchronization codes has been dramatically reduced, thus resolving the contending requirements between robustness of hidden data and efficiency of synchronization codes searching. The performance of the proposed scheme in terms of SNR (signal to noise ratio) and BER (bit error rate) is analyzed. An estimation formula that connects SNR with embedding strength has been provided to ensure the transparency of embedded data. BER under Gaussian noise corruption has been estimated to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the embedded data are robust against most common signal processing and attacks, such as Gaussian noise corruption, resampling, requantization, cropping, and MP3 compression.
AB - In this paper, we propose a self-synchronization algorithm for audio watermarking to facilitate assured audio data transmission. The synchronization codes are embedded into audio with the informative data, thus the embedded data have the self-synchronization ability. To achieve robustness, we embed the synchronization codes and the hidden informative data into the low frequency coefficients in DWT (discrete wavelet transform) domain. By exploiting the time-frequency localization characteristics of DWT, the computational load in searching synchronization codes has been dramatically reduced, thus resolving the contending requirements between robustness of hidden data and efficiency of synchronization codes searching. The performance of the proposed scheme in terms of SNR (signal to noise ratio) and BER (bit error rate) is analyzed. An estimation formula that connects SNR with embedding strength has been provided to ensure the transparency of embedded data. BER under Gaussian noise corruption has been estimated to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the embedded data are robust against most common signal processing and attacks, such as Gaussian noise corruption, resampling, requantization, cropping, and MP3 compression.
KW - Audio data transmission
KW - Audio watermarking
KW - Cropping
KW - Robustness
KW - Self-synchronization
KW - Wavelet
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U2 - 10.1109/TBC.2004.838265
DO - 10.1109/TBC.2004.838265
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:15844424554
SN - 0018-9316
VL - 51
SP - 69
EP - 76
JO - IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting
JF - IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting
IS - 1
ER -