@article{f368c2bca5684392a30d1e0945837aca,
title = "Enhanced performance of carbon nanotube immobilized membrane for the treatment of high salinity produced water via direct contact membrane distillation",
abstract = "Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising desalination technology for the treatment of high salinity water. Here, we investigated the fouling characteristics of produced water obtained from hydraulic fracturing by implementing a carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) via direct contact membrane distillation. The CNIM exhibited enhanced water vapor flux and antifouling characteristics compared to the pristine membrane. The normalized flux decline with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane after 7 h of operation was found to be 18.2% more than the CNIM. The addition of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic acid (HEDP) antiscalant was found to be effective in reducing the membrane fouling. The salt deposition on the membrane surface was 77% less in the CNIM, which was further reduced with the addition of HEDP in the feed by up to 135.4% in comparison with the PTFE membrane. The presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the membrane surface also facilitated the regenerability of the membrane. The results indicated that the CNIM regained 90.9% of its initial water flux after washing, whereas the unmodified PTFE only regained 81.1% of its initial flux after five days of operation.",
keywords = "Antiscalants, Carbon nanotube, Desalination, Membrane distillation, Membrane fouling, Produced water",
author = "Humoud, {Madihah Saud} and Sagar Roy and Somenath Mitra",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This study was partially supported by a grant from the Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division, National Science Foundation (grant number CBET-1603314) and King Abdullah Scholarship Program, Ministry of Higher education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their financial support. The work also partially supported from the Ada Fritts Chair position funding at NJIT. The Otto York Center for membrane characterization was also acknowledged for the use of instrumentation. Funding Information: This study was partially supported by a grant from the Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division, National Science Foundation (grant number CBET-1603314) and King Abdullah Scholarship Program, Ministry of Higher education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their financial support. The work also partially supported from the Ada Fritts Chair position funding at NJIT. The Otto York Center for membrane characterization was also acknowledged for the use of instrumentation. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation (Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division, Grant no. CBET-1603314) and King Abdullah Scholarship Program, Ministry of Higher Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their financial support. The work also received partial supported from the Ada Fritts Chair position funding at NJIT. The Otto York Center for membrane characterization are also acknowledged for the use of instrumentation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
doi = "10.3390/membranes10110325",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
pages = "1--16",
journal = "Membranes",
issn = "2077-0375",
publisher = "Molecular Diversity Preservation International",
number = "11",
}