TY - JOUR
T1 - FTIR evaluation of functional groups involved in the formation of haloacetic acids during the chlorination of raw water
AU - Kanokkantapong, Vorapot
AU - Marhaba, Taha F.
AU - Panyapinyophol, Bunyarit
AU - Pavasant, Prasert
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the National Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management (NRC-EHWM), the Ministry of University Affairs Thesis Grants for Graduate Students in Public Universities of Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, and the New Jersey Applied Water Research Center (NJAWRC) at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, USA, for supporting this research. We also appreciate utility supports from Huachiew Chalermprakiet University.
PY - 2006/8/21
Y1 - 2006/8/21
N2 - This work investigated the formation potential of haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds in the raw water for the Bangkhen water treatment plant (Bangkok, Thailand). The resin adsorption technique (with three different types of resins, i.e. DAX-8, AG-MP-50 and WA-10) was employed to characterize the organic content in the raw water into six fractions, i.e. hydrophobic neutral (HPON), hydrophobic acid (HPOA), hydrophobic base (HPOB), hydrophilic neutral (HPIN), hydrophilic acid (HPIA) and hydrophilic base (HPIB). Hydrophilic species appeared to be the predominant organic species in this water source (approximately 60%) with the neutral fraction being the most abundant (approximately 40%). Hydrophobic species, on the other hand, played the most important role in the formation of haloacetic acids as they contributed to as much as approximately 56% of total HAA formation potential. Among the three hydrophobic species, the hydrophobic base exhibited the highest specific HAA formation with 208 μg HAAs/mg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Each organic fraction was examined for its associated functional groups by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The investigation of the formation of HAAs was achieved by tracking the changes in the FTIR results of the same water sample before and after the chlorination reaction. Based on the results obtained from this study, carboxylic acids, ketone, amide, amino acids and aromatic characteristic organics seemed to be the main precursors to HAA formation.
AB - This work investigated the formation potential of haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds in the raw water for the Bangkhen water treatment plant (Bangkok, Thailand). The resin adsorption technique (with three different types of resins, i.e. DAX-8, AG-MP-50 and WA-10) was employed to characterize the organic content in the raw water into six fractions, i.e. hydrophobic neutral (HPON), hydrophobic acid (HPOA), hydrophobic base (HPOB), hydrophilic neutral (HPIN), hydrophilic acid (HPIA) and hydrophilic base (HPIB). Hydrophilic species appeared to be the predominant organic species in this water source (approximately 60%) with the neutral fraction being the most abundant (approximately 40%). Hydrophobic species, on the other hand, played the most important role in the formation of haloacetic acids as they contributed to as much as approximately 56% of total HAA formation potential. Among the three hydrophobic species, the hydrophobic base exhibited the highest specific HAA formation with 208 μg HAAs/mg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Each organic fraction was examined for its associated functional groups by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The investigation of the formation of HAAs was achieved by tracking the changes in the FTIR results of the same water sample before and after the chlorination reaction. Based on the results obtained from this study, carboxylic acids, ketone, amide, amino acids and aromatic characteristic organics seemed to be the main precursors to HAA formation.
KW - Disinfection by-products
KW - FTIR
KW - Fractionation
KW - HAA
KW - Hydrophilic
KW - Hydrophobic
KW - SUVA
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33745663316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33745663316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.031
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 16762496
AN - SCOPUS:33745663316
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 136
SP - 188
EP - 196
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
IS - 2
ER -