Fully Dynamic MIS in Uniformly Sparse Graphs

We consider the problem of maintaining a maximal independent set in a dynamic graph subject to edge insertions and deletions. Recently, Assadi et al. (at STOC'18) showed that a maximal independent set can be maintained in sublinear (in the dynamically changing number of edges) amortized update time. In this article, we significantly improve the update time for uniformly sparse graphs. Specifically, for graphs with arboricity α, the amortized update time of our algorithm is O(α² ⋅ log² n), where n is the number of vertices. For low arboricity graphs, which include, for example, minor-free graphs and some classes of "real-world" graphs, our update time is polylogarithmic. Our update time improves the result of Assadi et al. for all graphs with arboricity bounded by m^3/8-ϵ, for any constant ϵ > 0. This covers much of the range of possible values for arboricity, as the arboricity of a general graph cannot exceed m^1/2.