HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA

Doyal A. Harper; Marcus C. Runyan; C. Darren Dowell; C. Jesse Wirth; Michael Amato; Troy Ames; Mandana Amiri; Stuart Banks; Arlin Bartels; Dominic J. Benford; Marc Berthoud; Ernest Buchanan; Sean Casey; Nicholas L. Chapman; David T. Chuss; Brant Cook; Rebecca Derro; Jessie L. Dotson; Rhodri Evans; Dale Fixsen; Ian Gatley; Jordan A. Guerra; Mark Halpern; Ryan T. Hamilton; Louise A. Hamlin; Christopher J. Hansen; Stephen Heimsath; Alfonso Hermida; Gene C. Hilton; Robert Hirsch; Matthew I. Hollister; Carl F. Hostetter; Kent Irwin; Christine A. Jhabvala; Murzban Jhabvala; Joel Kastner; Attila Kovács; Sean Lin; Robert F. Loewenstein; Leslie W. Looney; Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez; Stephen F. Maher; Joseph M. Michail; Timothy M. Miller; S. Harvey Moseley; Giles Novak; Robert J. Pernic; Timothy Rennick; Harvey Rhody; Eric Sandberg; Dale Sandford; Fabio Pereira Santos; Rick Shafer; Elmer H. Sharp; Peter Shirron; Javad Siah; Robert Silverberg; Leroy M. Sparr; Robert Spotz; Johannes G. Staguhn; Armen S. Toorian; Shannon Towey; Jim Tuttle; John Vaillancourt; George Voellmer; Carolyn G. Volpert; Shu I. Wang; Edward J. Wollack

doi:10.1142/S2251171718400081

HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA

Doyal A. Harper, Marcus C. Runyan, C. Darren Dowell, C. Jesse Wirth, Michael Amato, Troy Ames, Mandana Amiri, Stuart Banks, Arlin Bartels, Dominic J. Benford, Marc Berthoud, Ernest Buchanan, Sean Casey, Nicholas L. Chapman, David T. Chuss, Brant Cook, Rebecca Derro, Jessie L. Dotson, Rhodri Evans, Dale FixsenIan Gatley, Jordan A. Guerra, Mark Halpern, Ryan T. Hamilton, Louise A. Hamlin, Christopher J. Hansen, Stephen Heimsath, Alfonso Hermida, Gene C. Hilton, Robert Hirsch, Matthew I. Hollister, Carl F. Hostetter, Kent Irwin, Christine A. Jhabvala, Murzban Jhabvala, Joel Kastner, Attila Kovács, Sean Lin, Robert F. Loewenstein, Leslie W. Looney, Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez, Stephen F. Maher, Joseph M. Michail, Timothy M. Miller, S. Harvey Moseley, Giles Novak, Robert J. Pernic, Timothy Rennick, Harvey Rhody, Eric Sandberg, Dale Sandford, Fabio Pereira Santos, Rick Shafer, Elmer H. Sharp, Peter Shirron, Javad Siah, Robert Silverberg, Leroy M. Sparr, Robert Spotz, Johannes G. Staguhn, Armen S. Toorian, Shannon Towey, Jim Tuttle, John Vaillancourt, George Voellmer, Carolyn G. Volpert, Shu I. Wang, Edward J. Wollack

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

54 Scopus citations

Abstract

High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC+) is the facility far-infrared imager and polarimeter for SOFIA, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It is designed to cover the portion of the infrared spectrum that is completely inaccessible to ground-based observatories and which is essential for studies of astronomical sources with temperatures between tens and hundreds of degrees Kelvin. Its ability to make polarimetric measurements of aligned dust grains provides a unique new capability for studying interstellar magnetic fields. HAWC+ began commissioning flights in April 2016 and was accepted as a facility instrument in early 2018. In this paper, we describe the instrument, its operational procedures, and its performance on the observatory.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1840008
Journal	Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation
Volume	7
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171718400081
State	Published - Dec 1 2018

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Instrumentation
Astronomy and Astrophysics

Keywords

Instrumentation
camera
detectors
dust
far-infrared
formation
polarimeters
stars

Access to Document

10.1142/S2251171718400081

Cite this

Harper, D. A., Runyan, M. C., Dowell, C. D., Wirth, C. J., Amato, M., Ames, T., Amiri, M., Banks, S., Bartels, A., Benford, D. J., Berthoud, M., Buchanan, E., Casey, S., Chapman, N. L., Chuss, D. T., Cook, B., Derro, R., Dotson, J. L., Evans, R., ... Wollack, E. J. (2018). HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA. Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, 7(4), [1840008]. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171718400081

Harper, Doyal A. ; Runyan, Marcus C. ; Dowell, C. Darren ; Wirth, C. Jesse ; Amato, Michael ; Ames, Troy ; Amiri, Mandana ; Banks, Stuart ; Bartels, Arlin ; Benford, Dominic J. ; Berthoud, Marc ; Buchanan, Ernest ; Casey, Sean ; Chapman, Nicholas L. ; Chuss, David T. ; Cook, Brant ; Derro, Rebecca ; Dotson, Jessie L. ; Evans, Rhodri ; Fixsen, Dale ; Gatley, Ian ; Guerra, Jordan A. ; Halpern, Mark ; Hamilton, Ryan T. ; Hamlin, Louise A. ; Hansen, Christopher J. ; Heimsath, Stephen ; Hermida, Alfonso ; Hilton, Gene C. ; Hirsch, Robert ; Hollister, Matthew I. ; Hostetter, Carl F. ; Irwin, Kent ; Jhabvala, Christine A. ; Jhabvala, Murzban ; Kastner, Joel ; Kovács, Attila ; Lin, Sean ; Loewenstein, Robert F. ; Looney, Leslie W. ; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique ; Maher, Stephen F. ; Michail, Joseph M. ; Miller, Timothy M. ; Moseley, S. Harvey ; Novak, Giles ; Pernic, Robert J. ; Rennick, Timothy ; Rhody, Harvey ; Sandberg, Eric ; Sandford, Dale ; Santos, Fabio Pereira ; Shafer, Rick ; Sharp, Elmer H. ; Shirron, Peter ; Siah, Javad ; Silverberg, Robert ; Sparr, Leroy M. ; Spotz, Robert ; Staguhn, Johannes G. ; Toorian, Armen S. ; Towey, Shannon ; Tuttle, Jim ; Vaillancourt, John ; Voellmer, George ; Volpert, Carolyn G. ; Wang, Shu I. ; Wollack, Edward J. / HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA. In: Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation. 2018 ; Vol. 7, No. 4.

@article{143724604d114e2a91d578efbe6b5f2f,

title = "HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA",

abstract = "High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC+) is the facility far-infrared imager and polarimeter for SOFIA, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It is designed to cover the portion of the infrared spectrum that is completely inaccessible to ground-based observatories and which is essential for studies of astronomical sources with temperatures between tens and hundreds of degrees Kelvin. Its ability to make polarimetric measurements of aligned dust grains provides a unique new capability for studying interstellar magnetic fields. HAWC+ began commissioning flights in April 2016 and was accepted as a facility instrument in early 2018. In this paper, we describe the instrument, its operational procedures, and its performance on the observatory.",

keywords = "Instrumentation, camera, detectors, dust, far-infrared, formation, polarimeters, stars",

author = "Harper, {Doyal A.} and Runyan, {Marcus C.} and Dowell, {C. Darren} and Wirth, {C. Jesse} and Michael Amato and Troy Ames and Mandana Amiri and Stuart Banks and Arlin Bartels and Benford, {Dominic J.} and Marc Berthoud and Ernest Buchanan and Sean Casey and Chapman, {Nicholas L.} and Chuss, {David T.} and Brant Cook and Rebecca Derro and Dotson, {Jessie L.} and Rhodri Evans and Dale Fixsen and Ian Gatley and Guerra, {Jordan A.} and Mark Halpern and Hamilton, {Ryan T.} and Hamlin, {Louise A.} and Hansen, {Christopher J.} and Stephen Heimsath and Alfonso Hermida and Hilton, {Gene C.} and Robert Hirsch and Hollister, {Matthew I.} and Hostetter, {Carl F.} and Kent Irwin and Jhabvala, {Christine A.} and Murzban Jhabvala and Joel Kastner and Attila Kov{\'a}cs and Sean Lin and Loewenstein, {Robert F.} and Looney, {Leslie W.} and Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez and Maher, {Stephen F.} and Michail, {Joseph M.} and Miller, {Timothy M.} and Moseley, {S. Harvey} and Giles Novak and Pernic, {Robert J.} and Timothy Rennick and Harvey Rhody and Eric Sandberg and Dale Sandford and Santos, {Fabio Pereira} and Rick Shafer and Sharp, {Elmer H.} and Peter Shirron and Javad Siah and Robert Silverberg and Sparr, {Leroy M.} and Robert Spotz and Staguhn, {Johannes G.} and Toorian, {Armen S.} and Shannon Towey and Jim Tuttle and John Vaillancourt and George Voellmer and Volpert, {Carolyn G.} and Wang, {Shu I.} and Wollack, {Edward J.}",

note = "Funding Information: The development of the ¯rst-generation HAWC instrument at the University of Chicago was funded under a grant from Universities Space Research Association. The HAWC+ upgrade program was funded by a NASA SOFIA Second Generation Instruments grant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and partnering institutions. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Initial prototype development of the HAWC+ polarimeter was funded by the JPL Research and Technology Development program. We thank the USRA/SOFIA Science Operation Center sta{\textregistered} and NASA Armstrong B703 support sta{\textregistered} for their support during development, commissioning, and HAWC+ science observations. We thank Paul Alvarez and Kevin Hanna for assistance with designing and implementing electrical cabling for HAWC+. We are grateful for assistance received from Northwestern University's Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, and in particular, we would like to thank J. Everett, D. Johannsson, V. Kalogera, G. Oehls-chlager, and J. Paris for contributing their computer expertise and other crucial support. We thank the GSFC Device Development Laboratory (DDL) team for their work on the HAWC+ detectors: Regis Brekosky, Meng-Ping Chang, James Cherve-nak, Nicholas Costen, Aaron Datesman, Vorachai Kluengpho, Edward Leong, George Manos, and Joseph Oxborrow. We also thank the following JPL personnel: Anthony Turner for fabrication of the lithographed polarizers used on the periscope, and Darren Michaels and Colin McKinney for design and production of the custom printed circuit boards. We wish to express particular thanks to Roger Hildebrand for his invaluable contributions Funding Information: The development of the first-generation HAWC instrument at the University of Chicago was funded under a grant from Universities Space Research Association. The HAWC+ upgrade program was funded by a NASA SOFIA Second Generation Instruments grant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and partnering institutions. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Initial prototype development of the HAWC+ polarimeter was funded by the JPL Research and Technology Development program. We thank the USRA/SOFIA Science Operation Center staff and NASA Armstrong B703 support staff for their support during development, commissioning, and HAWC+ science observations. We thank Paul Alvarez and Kevin Hanna for assistance with designing and implementing electrical cabling for HAWC+. We are grateful for assistance received from Northwestern University's Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, and in particular, we would like to thank J. Everett, D. Johannsson, V. Kalogera, G. Oehlschlager, and J. Paris for contributing their computer expertise and other crucial support. We thank the GSFC Device Development Laboratory (DDL) team for their work on the HAWC+ detectors: Regis Brekosky, Meng-Ping Chang, James Chervenak, Nicholas Costen, Aaron Datesman, Vorachai Kluengpho, Edward Leong, George Manos, and Joseph Oxborrow. We also thank the following JPL personnel: Anthony Turner for fabrication of the lithographed polarizers used on the periscope, and Darren Michaels and Colin McKinney for design and production of the custom printed circuit boards. We wish to express particular thanks to Roger Hildebrand for his invaluable contributions as a colleague, mentor, and pioneer in the field of far-infrared polarimetry. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s).",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1142/S2251171718400081",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "7",

journal = "Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation",

issn = "2251-1717",

publisher = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd",

number = "4",

}

Harper, DA, Runyan, MC, Dowell, CD, Wirth, CJ, Amato, M, Ames, T, Amiri, M, Banks, S, Bartels, A, Benford, DJ, Berthoud, M, Buchanan, E, Casey, S, Chapman, NL, Chuss, DT, Cook, B, Derro, R, Dotson, JL, Evans, R, Fixsen, D, Gatley, I, Guerra, JA, Halpern, M, Hamilton, RT, Hamlin, LA, Hansen, CJ, Heimsath, S, Hermida, A, Hilton, GC, Hirsch, R, Hollister, MI, Hostetter, CF, Irwin, K, Jhabvala, CA, Jhabvala, M, Kastner, J, Kovács, A, Lin, S, Loewenstein, RF, Looney, LW, Lopez-Rodriguez, E, Maher, SF, Michail, JM, Miller, TM, Moseley, SH, Novak, G, Pernic, RJ, Rennick, T, Rhody, H, Sandberg, E, Sandford, D, Santos, FP, Shafer, R, Sharp, EH, Shirron, P, Siah, J, Silverberg, R, Sparr, LM, Spotz, R, Staguhn, JG, Toorian, AS, Towey, S, Tuttle, J, Vaillancourt, J, Voellmer, G, Volpert, CG, Wang, SI & Wollack, EJ 2018, 'HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA', Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, vol. 7, no. 4, 1840008. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171718400081

HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA. / Harper, Doyal A.; Runyan, Marcus C.; Dowell, C. Darren; Wirth, C. Jesse; Amato, Michael; Ames, Troy; Amiri, Mandana; Banks, Stuart; Bartels, Arlin; Benford, Dominic J.; Berthoud, Marc; Buchanan, Ernest; Casey, Sean; Chapman, Nicholas L.; Chuss, David T.; Cook, Brant; Derro, Rebecca; Dotson, Jessie L.; Evans, Rhodri; Fixsen, Dale; Gatley, Ian; Guerra, Jordan A.; Halpern, Mark; Hamilton, Ryan T.; Hamlin, Louise A.; Hansen, Christopher J.; Heimsath, Stephen; Hermida, Alfonso; Hilton, Gene C.; Hirsch, Robert; Hollister, Matthew I.; Hostetter, Carl F.; Irwin, Kent; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Jhabvala, Murzban; Kastner, Joel; Kovács, Attila; Lin, Sean; Loewenstein, Robert F.; Looney, Leslie W.; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Maher, Stephen F.; Michail, Joseph M.; Miller, Timothy M.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Novak, Giles; Pernic, Robert J.; Rennick, Timothy; Rhody, Harvey; Sandberg, Eric; Sandford, Dale; Santos, Fabio Pereira; Shafer, Rick; Sharp, Elmer H.; Shirron, Peter; Siah, Javad; Silverberg, Robert; Sparr, Leroy M.; Spotz, Robert; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Toorian, Armen S.; Towey, Shannon; Tuttle, Jim; Vaillancourt, John; Voellmer, George; Volpert, Carolyn G.; Wang, Shu I.; Wollack, Edward J.

In: Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1840008, 01.12.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA

AU - Harper, Doyal A.

AU - Runyan, Marcus C.

AU - Dowell, C. Darren

AU - Wirth, C. Jesse

AU - Amato, Michael

AU - Ames, Troy

AU - Amiri, Mandana

AU - Banks, Stuart

AU - Bartels, Arlin

AU - Benford, Dominic J.

AU - Berthoud, Marc

AU - Buchanan, Ernest

AU - Casey, Sean

AU - Chapman, Nicholas L.

AU - Chuss, David T.

AU - Cook, Brant

AU - Derro, Rebecca

AU - Dotson, Jessie L.

AU - Evans, Rhodri

AU - Fixsen, Dale

AU - Gatley, Ian

AU - Guerra, Jordan A.

AU - Halpern, Mark

AU - Hamilton, Ryan T.

AU - Hamlin, Louise A.

AU - Hansen, Christopher J.

AU - Heimsath, Stephen

AU - Hermida, Alfonso

AU - Hilton, Gene C.

AU - Hirsch, Robert

AU - Hollister, Matthew I.

AU - Hostetter, Carl F.

AU - Irwin, Kent

AU - Jhabvala, Christine A.

AU - Jhabvala, Murzban

AU - Kastner, Joel

AU - Kovács, Attila

AU - Lin, Sean

AU - Loewenstein, Robert F.

AU - Looney, Leslie W.

AU - Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique

AU - Maher, Stephen F.

AU - Michail, Joseph M.

AU - Miller, Timothy M.

AU - Moseley, S. Harvey

AU - Novak, Giles

AU - Pernic, Robert J.

AU - Rennick, Timothy

AU - Rhody, Harvey

AU - Sandberg, Eric

AU - Sandford, Dale

AU - Santos, Fabio Pereira

AU - Shafer, Rick

AU - Sharp, Elmer H.

AU - Shirron, Peter

AU - Siah, Javad

AU - Silverberg, Robert

AU - Sparr, Leroy M.

AU - Spotz, Robert

AU - Staguhn, Johannes G.

AU - Toorian, Armen S.

AU - Towey, Shannon

AU - Tuttle, Jim

AU - Vaillancourt, John

AU - Voellmer, George

AU - Volpert, Carolyn G.

AU - Wang, Shu I.

AU - Wollack, Edward J.

N1 - Funding Information: The development of the ¯rst-generation HAWC instrument at the University of Chicago was funded under a grant from Universities Space Research Association. The HAWC+ upgrade program was funded by a NASA SOFIA Second Generation Instruments grant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and partnering institutions. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Initial prototype development of the HAWC+ polarimeter was funded by the JPL Research and Technology Development program. We thank the USRA/SOFIA Science Operation Center sta® and NASA Armstrong B703 support sta® for their support during development, commissioning, and HAWC+ science observations. We thank Paul Alvarez and Kevin Hanna for assistance with designing and implementing electrical cabling for HAWC+. We are grateful for assistance received from Northwestern University's Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, and in particular, we would like to thank J. Everett, D. Johannsson, V. Kalogera, G. Oehls-chlager, and J. Paris for contributing their computer expertise and other crucial support. We thank the GSFC Device Development Laboratory (DDL) team for their work on the HAWC+ detectors: Regis Brekosky, Meng-Ping Chang, James Cherve-nak, Nicholas Costen, Aaron Datesman, Vorachai Kluengpho, Edward Leong, George Manos, and Joseph Oxborrow. We also thank the following JPL personnel: Anthony Turner for fabrication of the lithographed polarizers used on the periscope, and Darren Michaels and Colin McKinney for design and production of the custom printed circuit boards. We wish to express particular thanks to Roger Hildebrand for his invaluable contributions Funding Information: The development of the first-generation HAWC instrument at the University of Chicago was funded under a grant from Universities Space Research Association. The HAWC+ upgrade program was funded by a NASA SOFIA Second Generation Instruments grant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and partnering institutions. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Initial prototype development of the HAWC+ polarimeter was funded by the JPL Research and Technology Development program. We thank the USRA/SOFIA Science Operation Center staff and NASA Armstrong B703 support staff for their support during development, commissioning, and HAWC+ science observations. We thank Paul Alvarez and Kevin Hanna for assistance with designing and implementing electrical cabling for HAWC+. We are grateful for assistance received from Northwestern University's Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, and in particular, we would like to thank J. Everett, D. Johannsson, V. Kalogera, G. Oehlschlager, and J. Paris for contributing their computer expertise and other crucial support. We thank the GSFC Device Development Laboratory (DDL) team for their work on the HAWC+ detectors: Regis Brekosky, Meng-Ping Chang, James Chervenak, Nicholas Costen, Aaron Datesman, Vorachai Kluengpho, Edward Leong, George Manos, and Joseph Oxborrow. We also thank the following JPL personnel: Anthony Turner for fabrication of the lithographed polarizers used on the periscope, and Darren Michaels and Colin McKinney for design and production of the custom printed circuit boards. We wish to express particular thanks to Roger Hildebrand for his invaluable contributions as a colleague, mentor, and pioneer in the field of far-infrared polarimetry. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s).

PY - 2018/12/1

Y1 - 2018/12/1

N2 - High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC+) is the facility far-infrared imager and polarimeter for SOFIA, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It is designed to cover the portion of the infrared spectrum that is completely inaccessible to ground-based observatories and which is essential for studies of astronomical sources with temperatures between tens and hundreds of degrees Kelvin. Its ability to make polarimetric measurements of aligned dust grains provides a unique new capability for studying interstellar magnetic fields. HAWC+ began commissioning flights in April 2016 and was accepted as a facility instrument in early 2018. In this paper, we describe the instrument, its operational procedures, and its performance on the observatory.

AB - High-resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera (HAWC+) is the facility far-infrared imager and polarimeter for SOFIA, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It is designed to cover the portion of the infrared spectrum that is completely inaccessible to ground-based observatories and which is essential for studies of astronomical sources with temperatures between tens and hundreds of degrees Kelvin. Its ability to make polarimetric measurements of aligned dust grains provides a unique new capability for studying interstellar magnetic fields. HAWC+ began commissioning flights in April 2016 and was accepted as a facility instrument in early 2018. In this paper, we describe the instrument, its operational procedures, and its performance on the observatory.

KW - Instrumentation

KW - camera

KW - detectors

KW - dust

KW - far-infrared

KW - formation

KW - polarimeters

KW - stars

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053113225&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85053113225&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1142/S2251171718400081

DO - 10.1142/S2251171718400081

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85053113225

VL - 7

JO - Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation

JF - Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation

SN - 2251-1717

IS - 4

M1 - 1840008

ER -

HAWC +, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA

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