@article{174eccd78674491d801029a59d4fcb29,
title = "Investigating the Interhemispheric Asymmetry in Joule Heating During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm",
abstract = "Sudden changes in energy input from the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms could drive extreme variability in the ionosphere-thermosphere system, which in turn affect satellite operations and other modern infrastructure. Joule heating is the main form of magnetospheric energy dissipation in the ionosphere-thermosphere system, so it is important to know when and where Joule heating will occur. While Joule heating occurs all the time, it can increase rapidly during geomagnetic storms. We investigated the Joule heating profile of the 2013 St Patrick's day storm using the University of Michigan Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM). Using empirical and data-assimilated drivers we analyzed when and where intense Joule heating occurred. The timing, location, and sources of interhemispheric asymmetry during this geomagnetic storm are of key interest due to near equinox conditions. Hemispheric comparisons are made between parameters, including solar insolation, total electron content profiles, and Pedersen and Hall conductance profiles, obtained from GITM driven with empirical driven input, versus those driven with data-assimilated patterns. Further comparisons are made during periods of peak hemispheric Joule heating asymmetry in an effort to investigate their potential sources. Additionally, we compare the consistency of the interhemispheric asymmetry between empirical- and data-assimilated driven simulations to further analyze the role of data-assimilated drivers on the IT system.",
keywords = "Joule heating, data-model comparisons, interhemispheric asymmetries, solar insolation, total electron content",
author = "Smith, {A. R.} and Ozturk, {D. S.} and P. Delamere and G. Lu and H. Kim",
note = "Funding Information: This study makes use of NASA OMNI data and NOAA HPI data. The simulations were run on the Chinook Supercomputer at UAF. GITM is an open source code, developed by Aaron Ridley at the University of Michigan. The GITM output is processed using Spacepy package. The authors like to gratefully acknowledge all the data and model providers. The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America. This work was sponsored by Guan Le though the NASA SESI Program. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through the ISSI International Team project “Understanding Interhemispheric Asymmetry in MIT Coupling.” AS work was supported by NASA SESI, NASA LWS Grant 4200749357, and NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1279. DSO work was also supported by NASA LWS Grant 4200749357. The work at New Jersey Institute of Technology was supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC21K0132 and NSF OPP‐1744861. GL was supported in part by NASA Grants 80NSSC17K071 and 80NSSC21K1673. Funding Information: This study makes use of NASA OMNI data and NOAA HPI data. The simulations were run on the Chinook Supercomputer at UAF. GITM is an open source code, developed by Aaron Ridley at the University of Michigan. The GITM output is processed using Spacepy package. The authors like to gratefully acknowledge all the data and model providers. The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America. This work was sponsored by Guan Le though the NASA SESI Program. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through the ISSI International Team project “Understanding Interhemispheric Asymmetry in MIT Coupling.” AS work was supported by NASA SESI, NASA LWS Grant 4200749357, and NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1279. DSO work was also supported by NASA LWS Grant 4200749357. The work at New Jersey Institute of Technology was supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC21K0132 and NSF OPP-1744861. GL was supported in part by NASA Grants 80NSSC17K071 and 80NSSC21K1673. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors.",
year = "2023",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1029/2023SW003523",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
journal = "Space Weather",
issn = "1542-7390",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "9",
}