@article{de10649213f64e69944ee144d6036564,
title = "Modeling the Effects of Drift Shell Splitting in Two Case Studies of Simultaneous Observations of Substorm-Driven Pi1B and IPDP-Type EMIC Waves",
abstract = "Intervals of pulsations of diminishing periods (IPDPs) are a subtype of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves that can be triggered by substorm onset. Pi1B waves are ultralow frequency (ULF) broadband bursts that are well correlated with substorm onset. IPDPs are associated with increased fluxes of 40–60 keV substorm-injected protons which undergo gradient-curvature drifting and interact with the cold plasmasphere population. While particle trajectories and the generation of IPDPs have been modeled in the past, those models neglect the role that drift shell splitting plays in the process. This research investigates the different pathways that Pi1B and IPDPs take from their shared origin in substorm onset to their distinct observations on the ground, including the effects of drift shell splitting en route. This paper presents two case studies using data from an array of four ground-based Antarctic magnetometers that cover the evening sector, as well as in situ magnetometer data, proton fluxes, and proton pitch angles from the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. These observations identify a separation in geomagnetic latitude between Pi1Bs and IPDPs, and pinpoint a separation in magnetic local time (MLT). From these observations we model the drift shell splitting which injected particles undergo post-onset. This study shows that simulations that incorporate drift shell splitting across a full injection front are dominated by injection boundary effects, and that the inclusion of drift shell splitting introduces a slight horizontal component to the time axis of the time–frequency dependence of the IPDPs.",
keywords = "drift shell splitting, EMIC waves, IPDPs, modeling, Pi1B waves, ULF waves",
author = "Michelle Salzano and Lessard, {Marc R.} and Sungjun Noh and Hyomin Kim and Colin Waters and Engebretson, {Mark J.} and Richard Horne and Mark Clilverd and Akira Kadokura and Yoshimasa Tanaka and Kim, {Khan Hyuk} and J{\"u}rgen Matzka and Tanja Fromm and Jerry Goldstein and Kim, {Myeong Joon}",
note = "Funding Information: The work at the University of New Hampshire was supported by NSF under grants NSF awards 2133897, 2129040, and 1745041. The work at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) was supported by NSF under grant AGS-2133837 and the NASA Van Allen Probes RBSPICE instrument project, as supported by JHU/APL Subcontract No. 131803 to NJIT under NASA Prime Contract No. NNN06AA01C. The work of K.-H. Kim was supported by project PE22020 of the Korea Polar Research Institute. The work at Augsburg University was supported by NSF under grant AGS-2013648. The database construction for the ground-based observational data at Syowa has been partly supported by the IUGONET (Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork) project (http://www.iugonet.org/index.jsp) funded by the MEXT. RBH and MAC would like to acknowledge support from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI-NERC) through National Capability Space Weather Observatory funding (NC-SS SWO). Neumayer III and Kohnen Station in Antarctica are operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar-und Meeresforschung. (2016). Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A85. https://jlsrf.org/index.php/lsf/article/view/152). Funding Information: The work at the University of New Hampshire was supported by NSF under grants NSF awards 2133897, 2129040, and 1745041. The work at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) was supported by NSF under grant AGS‐2133837 and the NASA Van Allen Probes RBSPICE instrument project, as supported by JHU/APL Subcontract No. 131803 to NJIT under NASA Prime Contract No. NNN06AA01C. The work of K.‐H. Kim was supported by project PE22020 of the Korea Polar Research Institute. The work at Augsburg University was supported by NSF under grant AGS‐2013648. The database construction for the ground‐based observational data at Syowa has been partly supported by the IUGONET (Inter‐university Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork) project ( http://www.iugonet.org/index.jsp ) funded by the MEXT. RBH and MAC would like to acknowledge support from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI‐NERC) through National Capability Space Weather Observatory funding (NC‐SS SWO). Neumayer III and Kohnen Station in Antarctica are operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute (Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum f{\"u}r Polar‐und Meeresforschung. (2016). Journal of large‐scale research facilities, 2, A85. https://jlsrf.org/index.php/lsf/article/view/152 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1029/2022JA030600",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "127",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
issn = "2169-9380",
number = "10",
}