TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiple Sources of Solar High-energy Protons
AU - Kocharov, Leon
AU - Omodei, Nicola
AU - Mishev, Alexander
AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa
AU - Longo, Francesco
AU - Yu, Sijie
AU - Gary, Dale E.
AU - Vainio, Rami
AU - Usoskin, Ilya
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - During the 24th solar cycle, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed a total of 27 solar flares possessing delayed γ-ray emission, including the exceptionally well-observed flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2017 September 10. Based on the Fermi/LAT data, we plot, for the first time, maps of possible sources of the delayed >100 MeV γ-ray emission of the 2017 September 10 event. The long-lasting γ-ray emission is localized under the CME core. The γ-ray spectrum exhibits intermittent changes in time, implying that more than one source of high-energy protons was formed during the flare-CME eruption. We find a good statistical correlation between the γ-ray fluences of the Fermi/LAT-observed delayed events and the products of corresponding CME speed and the square root of the soft X-ray flare magnitude. Data support the idea that both flares and CMEs jointly contribute to the production of subrelativistic and relativistic protons near the Sun.
AB - During the 24th solar cycle, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed a total of 27 solar flares possessing delayed γ-ray emission, including the exceptionally well-observed flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2017 September 10. Based on the Fermi/LAT data, we plot, for the first time, maps of possible sources of the delayed >100 MeV γ-ray emission of the 2017 September 10 event. The long-lasting γ-ray emission is localized under the CME core. The γ-ray spectrum exhibits intermittent changes in time, implying that more than one source of high-energy protons was formed during the flare-CME eruption. We find a good statistical correlation between the γ-ray fluences of the Fermi/LAT-observed delayed events and the products of corresponding CME speed and the square root of the soft X-ray flare magnitude. Data support the idea that both flares and CMEs jointly contribute to the production of subrelativistic and relativistic protons near the Sun.
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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/abff57
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/abff57
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109821653
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 915
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 12
ER -