Nano-milling of pigment agglomerates using a wet stirred media mill: Elucidation of the kinetics and breakage mechanisms

The present study concerns the production of pigment nanoparticles in a wet-batch stirred media mill with polymeric media. The breakage kinetics and mechanisms were investigated using size-discrete population balance models (PBMs). The temporal variation of the particle size distribution was measured via dynamic light scattering. Considering the G-H model, a time-invariant PBM, and a time-variant PBM, the specific breakage rate parameters and breakage distribution parameters were identified. It is found that the breakage rate is not first-order and that a delay time exists for the breakage of nanoparticles. The time-variant PBM captures all these features and suggests a transition from deagglomeration of agglomerates to the breakage of primary particles. The analysis of the breakage distribution parameters suggests splitting as the dominant mechanism as opposed to attrition or massive fracture.