@inbook{727dfc03bcfd40ef80fca39ffe85caba,
title = "NEGATIVE DATA IN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)",
abstract = "This chapter develops a productivity analysis of the US pharmaceutical industry via Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This study concerns itself with 16 US pharmaceutical companies. The output variables are profit margin, operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity. The input variables are corporate workers and market capital. Since negative data appear in DEA, a directional distance approach was applied.",
keywords = "Data envelopment analysis (DEA), decision-making, directional distance approach, negative data DEA, productivity in US pharmaceutical companies, unit productivity",
author = "Lawrence, {Kenneth D.} and Lawrence, {Sheila M.} and Pai, {Dinesh R.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1108/S0276-897620220000021005",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Applications of Management Science",
publisher = "Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.",
pages = "49--53",
booktitle = "Applications of Management Science",
address = "United Kingdom",
}