TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses
AU - Nadim, Farzan
AU - Bucher, Dirk
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Isabel Soffer, Diana Martinez and Jorge Golowasch for their helpful comments. This work was supported in part by NIH grants NS083319 and MH060605 .
PY - 2014/12
Y1 - 2014/12
N2 - Neuromodulation underlies the flexibility of neural circuit operation and behavior. Individual neuromodulators can have divergent actions in a neuron by targeting multiple physiological mechanisms. Conversely, multiple neuromodulators may have convergent actions through overlapping targets. The divergent and convergent neuromodulator actions can be unambiguously synergistic or antagonistic, but neuromodulation often entails balanced adjustment of nonlinear membrane and synaptic properties by targeting ion channel and synaptic dynamics rather than just excitability or synaptic strength. In addition, neuromodulators can exert effects at multiple timescales, from short-term adjustments of neuron and synapse function to persistent long-term regulation. This short review summarizes some highlights of the diverse actions of neuromodulators on ion channel and synaptic properties.
AB - Neuromodulation underlies the flexibility of neural circuit operation and behavior. Individual neuromodulators can have divergent actions in a neuron by targeting multiple physiological mechanisms. Conversely, multiple neuromodulators may have convergent actions through overlapping targets. The divergent and convergent neuromodulator actions can be unambiguously synergistic or antagonistic, but neuromodulation often entails balanced adjustment of nonlinear membrane and synaptic properties by targeting ion channel and synaptic dynamics rather than just excitability or synaptic strength. In addition, neuromodulators can exert effects at multiple timescales, from short-term adjustments of neuron and synapse function to persistent long-term regulation. This short review summarizes some highlights of the diverse actions of neuromodulators on ion channel and synaptic properties.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.003
DO - 10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24907657
AN - SCOPUS:84901841077
SN - 0959-4388
VL - 29
SP - 48
EP - 56
JO - Current Opinion in Neurobiology
JF - Current Opinion in Neurobiology
ER -