@article{f068479fcc424771a1e1b6ecece5dc12,
title = "Oil droplet formation and vertical transport in the upper ocean",
abstract = "The dispersion of oil droplets near ocean surface is important for evaluating the impact to the environment. Under breaking wave conditions, the surface oil experiences mainly two processes: the generation of oil droplets at/near the water surface, and the transport of oil droplets due to ocean dynamics. We investigated the vertical behavior by incorporating the transport equation and the VDROP model. The transport equation adopted the ocean dynamics by K-profile parameterization (KPP) and the impact of additional turbulence by imposing the energy dissipation rate on the ocean surface. The oil droplet distribution was obtained, and the entrained distribution and entrainment rate was computed. The results shows that although the entrained distribution and the entrainment rate shares certain consistency with previous studies, divergences are also noticed. Accordingly, the model that describes the physics should be adopted to avoid incorrect qualification of the oil concentration dispersed in the ocean.",
keywords = "Eddy diffusivity, Numerical simulation, Oil droplet size distribution, Underwater oil spill",
author = "Ruixue Liu and Boufadel, {Michel C.} and Lin Zhao and Tim Nedwed and Kenneth Lee and Guillaume Marcotte and Christopher Barker",
note = "Funding Information: “The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada through the Multi-Partner Research Initiative grant: MECTS-39390783-v1-OFSCP. Funding from the Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, COOGER is also acknowledged. In the decision process of the experiments, we used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for some basic simulations. The XSEDE is supported by the National Science Foundation grant number TG-BCS190002. Specifically, we used the Comet system, which is operated by the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UC San Diego.” Funding Information: “The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada through the Multi-Partner Research Initiative grant: MECTS-39390783-v1-OFSCP . Funding from the Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research, COOGER is also acknowledged. In the decision process of the experiments, we used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for some basic simulations. The XSEDE is supported by the National Science Foundation grant number TG-BCS190002 . Specifically, we used the Comet system, which is operated by the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UC San Diego.” Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113451",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "176",
journal = "Marine Pollution Bulletin",
issn = "0025-326X",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
}