TY - JOUR
T1 - On the philosophical, cognitive and mathematical foundations of symbiotic autonomous systems
AU - Wang, Yingxu
AU - Karray, Fakhri
AU - Kwong, Sam
AU - Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.
AU - Leung, Henry
AU - Hou, Ming
AU - Tunstel, Edward
AU - Rudas, Imre J.
AU - Trajkovic, Ljiljana
AU - Kaynak, Okyay
AU - Kacprzyk, Janusz
AU - Zhou, Mengchu
AU - Smith, Michael H.
AU - Chen, Philip
AU - Patel, Shushma
N1 - Funding Information:
Data accessibility. This article has no additional data. Authors’ contributions. Co-authors, Y.W., F.K., S.K., K.N.P., H.L., M.H., E.T., I.J., L.T., O.K., J.K., M.Z., M.H.S., P.C. and S.P., have contributed evenly to this work through the Canadian Department of National Defence project AutoDefence, NSERC, and the IEEE SMCS Technical Committee on Brain-Inspired Cognitive Systems (TC-BCS). They are confirmed to meet all of the four authorship criteria. Competing interests. We declare we have no competing interests. Funding. This work is supported in part by the Canadian Department of National Defence through the AutoDefence project, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the IEEE SMC Society Technical Committee on Brain-Inspired Cognitive Systems (TC-BCS). Acknowledgment. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions and comments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s).
PY - 2021/10/4
Y1 - 2021/10/4
N2 - Symbiotic autonomous systems (SAS) are advanced intelligent and cognitive systems that exhibit autonomous collective intelligence enabled by coherent symbiosis of human-machine interactions in hybrid societies. Basic research in the emerging field of SAS has triggered advanced general-AI technologies that either function without human intervention or synergize humans and intelligent machines in coherent cognitive systems. This work presents a theoretical framework of SAS underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence, cognition, computer, and system sciences. SAS are characterized by the composition of autonomous and symbiotic systems that adopt bio-brain-social-inspired and heterogeneously synergized structures and autonomous behaviours. This paper explores the cognitive and mathematical foundations of SAS. The challenges to seamless human-machine interactions in a hybrid environment are addressed. SAS-based collective intelligence is explored in order to augment human capability by autonomous machine intelligence towards the next generation of general AI, cognitive computers, and trustworthy mission-critical intelligent systems. Emerging paradigms and engineering applications of SAS are elaborated via autonomous knowledge learning systems that symbiotically work between humans and cognitive robots. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards symbiotic autonomous systems'.
AB - Symbiotic autonomous systems (SAS) are advanced intelligent and cognitive systems that exhibit autonomous collective intelligence enabled by coherent symbiosis of human-machine interactions in hybrid societies. Basic research in the emerging field of SAS has triggered advanced general-AI technologies that either function without human intervention or synergize humans and intelligent machines in coherent cognitive systems. This work presents a theoretical framework of SAS underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence, cognition, computer, and system sciences. SAS are characterized by the composition of autonomous and symbiotic systems that adopt bio-brain-social-inspired and heterogeneously synergized structures and autonomous behaviours. This paper explores the cognitive and mathematical foundations of SAS. The challenges to seamless human-machine interactions in a hybrid environment are addressed. SAS-based collective intelligence is explored in order to augment human capability by autonomous machine intelligence towards the next generation of general AI, cognitive computers, and trustworthy mission-critical intelligent systems. Emerging paradigms and engineering applications of SAS are elaborated via autonomous knowledge learning systems that symbiotically work between humans and cognitive robots. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards symbiotic autonomous systems'.
KW - autonomous systems
KW - brain-inspired systems
KW - cognitive cybernetics
KW - cognitive systems
KW - intelligence science
KW - symbiotic autonomous systems
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113292463&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85113292463&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1098/rsta.2020.0362
DO - 10.1098/rsta.2020.0362
M3 - Article
C2 - 34398647
AN - SCOPUS:85113292463
SN - 0962-8428
VL - 379
JO - Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
JF - Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
IS - 2207
M1 - 20200362
ER -