The mechanical behavior of metal-halide perovskites: Elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep

Zhenghong Dai; Meaghan C. Doyle; Xing Liu; Mingyu Hu; Qizhong Wang; Christos E. Athanasiou; Yucheng Liu; Brian W. Sheldon; Huajian Gao; Shengzhong (Frank) Liu; Nitin P. Padture

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064

The mechanical behavior of metal-halide perovskites: Elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep

Zhenghong Dai, Meaghan C. Doyle, Xing Liu, Mingyu Hu, Qizhong Wang, Christos E. Athanasiou, Yucheng Liu, Brian W. Sheldon, Huajian Gao, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu, Nitin P. Padture

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Wide ranging mechanical properties — elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep — most relevant to the mechanical reliability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are systematically investigated. High quality bulk single-crystals of the commonly studied metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) relevant to PSCs are fabricated and studied: CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ (MAPbBr₃) and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃). The first direct measurement of MHP Young's modulus (E) using uniaxial compression reveals E_<100> of 13.1 ± 1.3 and 10.6 ± 1.0 GPa for MAPbBr₃ and MAPbI₃, respectively. The Vickers micro-hardness H₍₁₀₀₎ of MAPbBr₃ and MAPbI₃ is 0.54 ± 0.02 GPa and 0.76 ± 0.05 GPa, respectively. The Vickers micro-indentation fracture toughness K_IC of MAPbBr₃ and MAPbI₃ is estimated at 0.20 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m^0.5 and 0.18 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m^0.5, respectively. The stress-exponent, n, extracted from nanoindentation creep data is ∼8 and ∼10 for MAPbBr₃ and MAPbI₃, respectively. The trends in these properties are discussed. These properties are best estimates and are recommended for use in future mechanical behavior and reliability analyses of MHPs and PSCs.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	115064
Journal	Scripta Materialia
Volume	223
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064
State	Published - Jan 15 2023
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering
Metals and Alloys

Keywords

Creep
Elastic modulus
Fracture toughness
Halide perovskites
Hardness
Mechanical behavior

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10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064

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@article{bc76cf0bd5994ac98bd11d5ba7078099,

title = "The mechanical behavior of metal-halide perovskites: Elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep",

abstract = "Wide ranging mechanical properties — elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep — most relevant to the mechanical reliability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are systematically investigated. High quality bulk single-crystals of the commonly studied metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) relevant to PSCs are fabricated and studied: CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). The first direct measurement of MHP Young's modulus (E) using uniaxial compression reveals E<100> of 13.1 ± 1.3 and 10.6 ± 1.0 GPa for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The Vickers micro-hardness H(100) of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is 0.54 ± 0.02 GPa and 0.76 ± 0.05 GPa, respectively. The Vickers micro-indentation fracture toughness KIC of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is estimated at 0.20 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5 and 0.18 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5, respectively. The stress-exponent, n, extracted from nanoindentation creep data is ∼8 and ∼10 for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The trends in these properties are discussed. These properties are best estimates and are recommended for use in future mechanical behavior and reliability analyses of MHPs and PSCs.",

keywords = "Creep, Elastic modulus, Fracture toughness, Halide perovskites, Hardness, Mechanical behavior",

author = "Zhenghong Dai and Doyle, {Meaghan C.} and Xing Liu and Mingyu Hu and Qizhong Wang and Athanasiou, {Christos E.} and Yucheng Liu and Sheldon, {Brian W.} and Huajian Gao and Liu, {Shengzhong (Frank)} and Padture, {Nitin P.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Acta Materialia Inc.",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "223",

journal = "Scripta Materialia",

issn = "1359-6462",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The mechanical behavior of metal-halide perovskites

T2 - Elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep

AU - Dai, Zhenghong

AU - Doyle, Meaghan C.

AU - Liu, Xing

AU - Hu, Mingyu

AU - Wang, Qizhong

AU - Athanasiou, Christos E.

AU - Liu, Yucheng

AU - Sheldon, Brian W.

AU - Gao, Huajian

AU - Liu, Shengzhong (Frank)

AU - Padture, Nitin P.

PY - 2023/1/15

Y1 - 2023/1/15

N2 - Wide ranging mechanical properties — elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep — most relevant to the mechanical reliability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are systematically investigated. High quality bulk single-crystals of the commonly studied metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) relevant to PSCs are fabricated and studied: CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). The first direct measurement of MHP Young's modulus (E) using uniaxial compression reveals E<100> of 13.1 ± 1.3 and 10.6 ± 1.0 GPa for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The Vickers micro-hardness H(100) of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is 0.54 ± 0.02 GPa and 0.76 ± 0.05 GPa, respectively. The Vickers micro-indentation fracture toughness KIC of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is estimated at 0.20 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5 and 0.18 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5, respectively. The stress-exponent, n, extracted from nanoindentation creep data is ∼8 and ∼10 for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The trends in these properties are discussed. These properties are best estimates and are recommended for use in future mechanical behavior and reliability analyses of MHPs and PSCs.

AB - Wide ranging mechanical properties — elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep — most relevant to the mechanical reliability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are systematically investigated. High quality bulk single-crystals of the commonly studied metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) relevant to PSCs are fabricated and studied: CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). The first direct measurement of MHP Young's modulus (E) using uniaxial compression reveals E<100> of 13.1 ± 1.3 and 10.6 ± 1.0 GPa for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The Vickers micro-hardness H(100) of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is 0.54 ± 0.02 GPa and 0.76 ± 0.05 GPa, respectively. The Vickers micro-indentation fracture toughness KIC of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 is estimated at 0.20 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5 and 0.18 ± 0.03 MPa⋅m0.5, respectively. The stress-exponent, n, extracted from nanoindentation creep data is ∼8 and ∼10 for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, respectively. The trends in these properties are discussed. These properties are best estimates and are recommended for use in future mechanical behavior and reliability analyses of MHPs and PSCs.

KW - Creep

KW - Elastic modulus

KW - Fracture toughness

KW - Halide perovskites

KW - Hardness

KW - Mechanical behavior

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U2 - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064

DO - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115064

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85139039041

SN - 1359-6462

VL - 223

JO - Scripta Materialia

JF - Scripta Materialia

M1 - 115064

ER -

The mechanical behavior of metal-halide perovskites: Elasticity, plasticity, fracture, and creep

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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