@article{8bda4c2a9ea041c9b9dd8aaf678b96d8,
title = "The treatment of biodegradation in models of sub-surface oil spills: A review and sensitivity study",
abstract = "Biodegradation is important for the fate of oil spilled in marine environments, yet parameterization of biodegradation varies across oil spill models, which usually apply constant first-order decay rates to multiple pseudo-components describing an oil. To understand the influence of model parameterization on the fate of subsurface oil droplets, we reviewed existing algorithms and rates and conducted a model sensitivity study. Droplets were simulated from a blowout at 2000 m depth and were either treated with sub-surface dispersant injection (2% dispersant to oil ratio)or untreated. The most important factor affecting oil fate was the size of the droplets, with biodegradation contributing substantially to the fate of droplets ≤0.5 mm. Oil types, which were similar, had limited influence on simulated oil fate. Model results suggest that knowledge of droplet sizes and improved estimation of pseudo-component biodegradation rates and lag times would enhance prediction of the fate and transport of subsurface oil.",
keywords = "Biodegradation, Blowout, Droplet size, Modeling, Oil, Sub-surface dispersant injection",
author = "Socolofsky, {Scott A.} and Jonas Gros and Elizabeth North and Boufadel, {Michel C.} and Parkerton, {Thomas F.} and Adams, {E. Eric}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the American Petroleum Institute, Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Task Force (JITF), D3 Subsea Dispersant Injection Modeling Team and made possible in part by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Gulf Integrated Spill Research (GISR)Consortium. We thank Deborah French McCay and Anusha Dissanayake (RPS ASA)for discussions about SIMAP's pseudo-components, and Deborah French McCay for contributing information for model simulations. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC)(at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org, doi: 10.7266/n7-5v1h-1t66). This is UMCES-HPL Contribution Number 5628. Funding Information: This research was supported by the American Petroleum Institute , Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Task Force (JITF), D3 Subsea Dispersant Injection Modeling Team and made possible in part by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Gulf Integrated Spill Research (GISR) Consortium. We thank Deborah French McCay and Anusha Dissanayake (RPS ASA) for discussions about SIMAP's pseudo-components, and Deborah French McCay for contributing information for model simulations. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) (at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org , doi: 10.7266/n7-5v1h-1t66 ). This is UMCES-HPL Contribution Number 5628. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2019",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.018",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "143",
pages = "204--219",
journal = "Marine Pollution Bulletin",
issn = "0025-326X",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
}