@article{340e610ec34d43419860bea3b9a9f11e,
title = "Topography, vegetation cover and below ground biomass of spatially constrained and unconstrained foredunes in New Jersey, USA",
abstract = "Space for dunes is often limited in developed areas, placing increased importance on human efforts to aid dune-building. This study assesses how different management strategies influence dune topography, surface cover and below ground biomass of vegetation on four dune segments in New Jersey in two successive years. Two segments are evolving without human actions, one with a cover of native vegetation (Ammophila breviligulata) and one with an invasive exotic (Carex kobomugi). Two segments are in developed areas and are maintained using sand fences, vegetation plantings and bulldozers; one of these segments uses bulldozers to bury a seawall. The foredunes evolving naturally are wider than foredunes in the developed segments and have more topographic variability alongshore. Foredunes in the developed segments are narrower because sand blown or washed landward is recycled. The naturally evolving A. breviligulata dune segment had the sparsest vegetation cover; the segment maintained mainly by sand fences and vegetation plantings had the densest cover. The crest of developed dunes can be higher than the crest of natural dunes with the same vegetation type and similar beach widths, but sediment volume may be restricted if the dune cannot migrate inland. Planting programs hasten dune accretion and are especially valuable on the dune ramp following wave erosion. Species dependent on mobile dunes can be favored where landward infrastructure is not threatened; species dependent on stable dunes can be favored in developed areas. Dune veneers placed over seawalls are temporary, but seawalls can favor evolution of stable-dune species landward of them.",
keywords = "Developed coast, Hybrid structures, Managed dunes, Shore protection, Vegetation",
author = "Nordstrom, {Karl F.} and Bingyi Liang and Garilao, {Emir S.} and Jackson, {Nancy L.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the Borough of Bay Head and to Tom Gage and the Bay Head Improvement Association for permission to conduct the study on their property and D'Arcy Green for acting as liaison with the borough. We also thank the Borough of Seaside Park and Robert Martucci and Eric Wojciechowski for support in conducting surveys on the municipal dune and Jen Clayton for permission to conduct the study at Island Beach State Park. We are also grateful to Kayla Kaplan and Brittany Schaub for help in the field and Klaus Holzapfel for advice on sampling subsurface vegetation. This publication is the result of research sponsored by the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium (NJSGC) (, NJSG-17 915) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce under NOAA grant number 6410-0013 and the NJSGC. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NJSGC or the U.S. Department of Commerce. Funding Information: We are grateful to the Borough of Bay Head and to Tom Gage and the Bay Head Improvement Association for permission to conduct the study on their property and D'Arcy Green for acting as liaison with the borough. We also thank the Borough of Seaside Park and Robert Martucci and Eric Wojciechowski for support in conducting surveys on the municipal dune and Jen Clayton for permission to conduct the study at Island Beach State Park. We are also grateful to Kayla Kaplan and Brittany Schaub for help in the field and Klaus Holzapfel for advice on sampling subsurface vegetation. This publication is the result of research sponsored by the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium (NJSGC) ( , NJSG-17 915 ) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce under NOAA grant number 6410-0013 and the NJSGC . The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NJSGC or the U.S. Department of Commerce. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.06.001",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "156",
pages = "117--126",
journal = "Ocean and Coastal Management",
issn = "0964-5691",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}