TY - JOUR
T1 - Trihalomethanes formation potential of shrimp farm effluents
AU - Marhaba, Taha F.
AU - Mangmeechai, Aweewan
AU - Chaiwatpongsakorn, Chaichana
AU - Pavasant, Prasert
N1 - Funding Information:
This research work was funded by the National Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand and the New Jersey Applied Water Research Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
PY - 2006/8/21
Y1 - 2006/8/21
N2 - Shrimp farm effluents along the Bangpakong River in the Chachoengsao Province of Thailand were evaluated for their trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and related parameters. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity and bromide ion concentrations of shrimp farm effluents were in the ranges of 12-14 mg/L, 0.1-14.5 ppt, and 0-14 mg/L, respectively. The dissolved organic matter was fractionated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions having a range concentration of 3-5 and 8-10 mg/L, respectively. The THMFP for all shrimp farm effluents analyzed was in the range of 810-3100 μg/L. The hydrophilic organic fraction was found to be a more active precursor of trihalomethanes (THMs) with 700-966 μg/L THMFP obtained from this fraction, while only 111-363 μg/L THMFP was derived from the hydrophobic fraction. The experimental results showed that salinity and bromide played crucial roles in the formation of THMs. At low salinity and bromide levels, chloroform was the dominant THM species, whereas at high salinity and bromide levels, bromoform became the dominant species. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis of the samples before and after chlorination illustrated that the functional groups involved in the THM formation reaction were phenolic compounds, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic bromo-compounds, and aliphatic chloro-compounds.
AB - Shrimp farm effluents along the Bangpakong River in the Chachoengsao Province of Thailand were evaluated for their trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and related parameters. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity and bromide ion concentrations of shrimp farm effluents were in the ranges of 12-14 mg/L, 0.1-14.5 ppt, and 0-14 mg/L, respectively. The dissolved organic matter was fractionated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions having a range concentration of 3-5 and 8-10 mg/L, respectively. The THMFP for all shrimp farm effluents analyzed was in the range of 810-3100 μg/L. The hydrophilic organic fraction was found to be a more active precursor of trihalomethanes (THMs) with 700-966 μg/L THMFP obtained from this fraction, while only 111-363 μg/L THMFP was derived from the hydrophobic fraction. The experimental results showed that salinity and bromide played crucial roles in the formation of THMs. At low salinity and bromide levels, chloroform was the dominant THM species, whereas at high salinity and bromide levels, bromoform became the dominant species. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis of the samples before and after chlorination illustrated that the functional groups involved in the THM formation reaction were phenolic compounds, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic bromo-compounds, and aliphatic chloro-compounds.
KW - Disinfection by-product
KW - Hydrophilic
KW - Hydrophobic
KW - Shrimp farm wastewater
KW - THMFP
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 16442713
AN - SCOPUS:33745661253
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 136
SP - 151
EP - 163
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
IS - 2
ER -